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VW Transporter Workshop and Repair Manuals

The Volkswagen Transporter, based found on the Volkswagen Group's T platform, today inside its fifth generation, pertains with a series of vans yielded over 60 years plus advertised internationally.The T series is today considered an official Volkswagen Group automotive platform.The

The Volkswagen Transporter, based found on the Volkswagen Group's T platform, today inside its fifth generation, pertains with a series of vans yielded over 60 years plus advertised internationally.

The T series is today considered an official Volkswagen Group automotive platform. plus decades are sequentially called T1, T2, T3, T4 plus T5. Pre-dating the T platform designations, the initially 3 decades were called Type 2, indicating their relative position with the Type 1, or Beetle. As piece of the T platform, the initial 3 decades are retroactively called T1, T2 plus T3.

The Transporter range of light commercial cars include a gamut of variants including vans, minivans, minibuses, pick-ups, campervans. Competitors include the Ford Transit, Toyota Hiace plus Mercedes-Benz Vito.

The Volkswagen Type 2, acknowledged officially, depending about body kind because the Transporter, Kombi plus Microbus, plus informally because the Bus or Camper, is a panel van introduced inside 1950 by German automaker Volkswagen because its 2nd vehicle model – following plus initially deriving from Volkswagen's initial model, the Type 1, it was provided the factory designation Type 2.

As among the forerunners of the contemporary cargo plus passenger vans, the Type 2 gave rise with forward control competitors inside the United States inside the 1960s, including the Ford Econoline, the Dodge A100, as well as the Chevrolet Corvair 95 Corvan, the latter adopting the Type 2's rear-engine configuration. European competition included the 1960s FF design Renault Estafette as well as the FR design Ford Transit. The FF design Citroën H Van though, pre-dated the VW by 3 years. As of January 2010, up-to-date versions of the Type 2 stay inside creation inside global markets— because a passenger van, because a cargo van, plus because a pickup truck.

Like the Beetle, the van has received many nicknames worldwide, including the "microbus", "minibus", plus, due to its recognition throughout the counterculture movement of the 1960s, "Hippie van".

Autocar magazine has announced the T2 might stop manufacturing about December 31, 2013, due to the introduction of more stringent protection laws inside Brazil.

In late 1967, the 2nd generation of the Volkswagen Type 2 was introduced. It was integrated Germany till 1979. In Mexico, the Volkswagen Combi plus Panel were yielded from 1970 with 1994. Models before 1971 are usually called the T2a, when models following 1972 are called the T2b.

This second-generation Type 2 lost its distinctive split front windshield, plus was somewhat bigger plus considerably heavier than its predecessor. Its popular nicknames are Breadloaf plus Bay-window, or Loaf plus Bay for brief. At 1.6 L plus 35 kW DIN, the engine was equally somewhat greater. The brand-new model equally did away with all the swing axle back suspension plus transfer boxes earlier employed with raise ride height. Instead, half-shaft axles fitted with continual velocity joints raised ride height without the wild changes inside camber of the Beetle-based swing axle suspension. The up-to-date Bus transaxle is commonly popular by off-road racers utilizing air-cooled Volkswagen components.
1973–1980 Volkswagen Kombi van
T2 utilized because an ambulance inside Brazil

The T2b was introduced through slow change over 3 years. The initial models showcased rounded bumpers incorporating a step for utilize whenever the door was open, front doorways which opened with 90° within the body, no lip found on the front guards, plus crescent air intakes inside the D-pillars. They moreover had special engine hatches, plus up till 1971 front indicators set low found on the nose instead of significant about either side of the fresh air grille – offering rise with their nickname because "Lower Lights". The 1971 Type 2 showcased a new, 1.6 L engine with double consumption ports about every cylinder head plus was DIN-rated at 37 kW. An significant change came with all the introduction of front disk brakes plus brand-new roadwheels with brake ventilation holes plus flatter hubcaps. 1972's many prominent change had been a bigger engine compartment to match the greater 1.7- with 2.0-litre motors within the Volkswagen Type 4, along with a redesigned back end that eliminated the removable back apron. The air inlets were additionally enlarged to support the improved cooling air demands of the bigger motors.

In 1971 the 1600cc Type 1 engine because employed inside the Beetle, was supplemented with all the 1700cc Type 4 engine – because it was initially tailored for the Type 4 models. European vans kept the possibility of upright enthusiast Type 1 1600 engine nevertheless the 1700 Type 4 became standard for US spec models.
Pre-facelift plus facelifted Volkswagen Kombi vans

In the Type 2, the Type 4 engine was an alternative for the 1972 model year forward. This engine was standard inside models destined for the US plus Canada. Just with all the Type 4 engine did an automatic transmission become accessible for the very first time inside the 1973 model year. Both motors displaced 1.7 L, DIN-rated at 49 kW with all the guide transmission plus 46 kW with all the automatic. The Type 4 engine was enlarged with 1.8 L plus 50 kW DIN for the 1974 model year plus again with 2.0 L plus 52 kW DIN for the 1976 model year. The 1978 2.0 L today showcased hydraulic valve lifters, eliminating the requirement with periodically change the valve clearances because about earlier models. The 1975 plus later U.S. model years received Bosch L-Jetronic electronic gas injection because standard equipment; 1978 was the initially year for electronic ignition, using the hall impact sensor plus digital controller, eliminating maintenance-requiring contact-breaker points. As with all Transporter motors, the focus inside development wasn't about energy, yet about low-end torque. The Type 4 motors were considerably more robust plus durable than the Type 1 machines, especially inside Transporter service.

The year 1971 moreover saw outdoor revisions including relocated front turn indicators, squared off plus set high inside the valance, above the headlights – 1972 saw square-profiled bumpers, that became standard till the finish of the T2 inside 1979. Crash protection improved with this change as a result of a compressible structure behind the front bumper. This meant which the T2b was capable of meeting US protection practices for passenger vehicles of the time, though not needed of vans. The "VW" emblem found on the front valance became somewhat small.

Later model changes were generally mechanical. By 1974, the T2 had gained its final form. Really late inside the T2's shape lifetime, throughout the late 1970s, the initially prototypes of Type 2 vans with four-wheel drive were built plus tested.

The T2c, so-called considering it got a somewhat raised rooftop – by regarding 10 cm – inside the early 1990s, is made for the South American plus Central American markets. It is imported into alternative nations, like the UK.

Because 1991, the T2c has been integrated México with all the water-cooled 1.8 L inline four-cylinder 53 kW carbureted engine, conveniently diagnosed by their big, black-coloured, front-mounted radiators, plus because 1995 with all the 1.6 L air-cooled motors for the Brazilian marketplace.

Because manufacturing of the authentic Beetle was halted inside late 2003 because a 2004 model, the T2 stayed truly the only Volkswagen model with all the conventional air-cooled, rear-mounted boxer engine till the Brazilian model changed with a water-cooled engine about 23 December 2005. There had been a 1.6 L 50 hp water-cooled diesel engined variation of the T2, that was produced from 1981 with 1985 inside Brazil. This variation was surprisingly affordable – values from 15 km/l with 18 km/l are reported – however, it suffered from low performance plus an insufficiently capable cooling program, that led with brief engine existence.

The end of the Volkswagen air-cooled engine about a worldwide basis was marked with a Special Edition Kombi. An exclusive Silver paint job, plus limited edition emblems were used with just 210 units inside late 2005, plus were available because 2006 models.
An aircooled along with a watercooled VW Kombi, prepared inside Brazil. Model years 2005 plus 2006.

More onerous emissions regulations introduced by the Brazilian government for 2006 forced a shift with water-cooled machines. The modern "Flex Fuel" water-cooled engine usually run about petrol and also alcohol. Borrowed within the Volkswagen Fox, the engine is a rear-mounted EA-111 1.4 L 8v Total Flex 1,390 cc, 58 kW about petrol, plus 60 kW whenever run about ethanol, plus 124 N·m torque. This variation has been especially lucrative, inspite of the minor changes prepared with the total T2-bodied car. It nonetheless involves the four-speed transmission, nevertheless with a brand-new final drive ratio it will cruise at 120 km/h at 4,100 rpm. Top speed is 130 km/h. 0 with 100 km/h is accomplished inside 22.7 seconds. Improvements were created with 6.6% greater gas economy, plus almost 2 decibel less sound.

The Volkswagen Type T2 is undoubtedly the greatest model run inside Brazil, having been introduced inside September 1950 because the Volkswagen "Kombi", a name it has kept throughout manufacturing. The fierce competition from European front-wheel drive new generation vans nevertheless cannot match the Kombi's unparalleled cost-benefit equation. Just yielded inside 2 versions, bus or panel van, it has just 1 factory option: the back window defog. As of June 2009, the T2 is made at the Volkswagen Group's São Bernardo do Campo plant at a rate of 97 a day.

As of October 2012, it was announced which the manufacturing of the Brazilian Volkswagen Kombi can end inside 2013. The phaseout of the T2c marks the finish of a era that lasted because 1935 - it is the final creation rear-engined Volkswagen following 78 years.

Earlier vehicle engine development yielded a much greater range of machines than is within normal employ now. Engines have ranged from 1- with 16-cylinder designs with related variations inside total size, fat, engine displacement, plus cylinder bores. Four cylinders plus energy reviews from 19 with 120 hp were followed inside a most of the models. Many three-cylinder, two-stroke-cycle models were built whilst many motors had straight or in-line cylinders. There were many V-type models plus horizontally opposed two- plus four-cylinder makes too. Overhead camshafts were frequently employed. The small machines were commonly air-cooled plus positioned at the back of the vehicle; compression ratios were comparatively low. The 1970s plus 1980s saw an improved interest inside improved gas economy, that caused a return with small V-6 plus four-cylinder layouts, with because various because five valves per cylinder with enhance efficiency. The Bugatti Veyron 16.4 operates with a W16 engine, meaning which 2 V8 cylinder layouts are placed upcoming with every additional with create the W form sharing the same crankshaft.

The biggest internal combustion engine ever built is the Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C, a 14-cylinder, 2-stroke turbocharged diesel engine which was crafted with energy the Emma Mærsk, the biggest container ship inside the planet. This engine weighs 2,300 tons, plus whenever running at 102 RPM produces 109,000 bhp consuming several 13.7 tons of gas every hr.

A reciprocating engine is usually crafted thus which the moving pistons are flush with all the top of the cylinder block at top dead centre. The combustion room is recessed inside the cylinder head plus commonly contains a single consumption valve along with a single exhaust valve. Many motors utilize a dished piston plus inside this case the combustion room is considered because partly in the cylinder. Various shapes of combustion room have been chosen, like L-head for side-valve engines;"bathtub", "hemispherical" plus "wedge" for overhead valve engines; plus "pent-roof" for motors having 3, 4 or 5 valves per cylinder. The form of the room has a marked impact on force output, efficiency plus emissions; the designer's goals are with burn the mixture because completely because potential whilst avoiding excessive temperatures. This really is best accomplished with a compact instead of elongated room. The consumption valve/port is normally located with provide the mixture a pronounced "swirl" above the increasing piston, improving mixing plus combustion. The form of the piston top equally affects the amount of swirl. Finally, the spark connect should be located able from that the flame front may reach all components of the room at the desired point, normally about 15 levels following top dead centre. It is firmly desirable with avoid narrow crevices where stagnant "end gas" may become caught, because this seems with detonate violently following the key charge, adding small helpful function plus possibly damaging the engine. Also, the residual gases displace area for fresh air/fuel mixture plus might therefore lower the force possible of every firing stroke.

An engine control device, many commonly called the powertrain control component, is a kind of electronic control device which controls a series of actuators about an internal combustion engine with guarantee the maximum running. It does this by reading values from a multitude of sensors in the engine bay, interpreting the information utilizing multidimensional performance maps, plus adjusting the engine actuators accordingly.

Before ECUs, air/fuel mixture, ignition timing, plus idle speed were mechanically set plus dynamically controlled by mechanical plus pneumatic signifies. One of the earliest tries with employ these a unitized plus automated device with manage numerous engine control functions simultaneously was the "Kommandogerät" produced by BMW inside 1939, for their 801 14-cylinder aviation radial engine. This device changed the 6 controls utilized with initiate difficult acceleration with 1 control inside the 801 series-equipped aircraft. But, it had certain problems: it might surge the engine, generating close formation flying of the Fw 190 somewhat difficult, at initial it turned supercharger gears harshly at unique, that may throw the aircraft into a very hazardous stall or angle.

The Volkswagen Transporter T4 is a van yielded by German automaker Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles between 1990 plus 2003, succeeding the Volkswagen Type 2 plus superseded by the Transporter T5.

Introduced inside 1990, the T4 was the initially inside a line of Volkswagen Transporters with have a front-mounted, water-cooled engine. Prompted by the achievement of synonymous moves with their passenger vehicles, Volkswagen had toyed inside the late 1970s with all the idea of changing their air-cooled, rear-engined Type 2 vans with a front-engined, water-cooled shape. The factors for choosing inside 1980 with rather introduce a modern rear-engined Type 2/Vanagon are unclear. So, the introduction of the front-engined design was delayed till the arrival of the T4.

Although its predecessors are equally referred with casually because Transporters, the T4 is the initially Volkswagen van with officially utilize the 'Transporter' title.

After a creation run of almost 14 years, T4 creation ceased inside 2003, creating it next just with the T1 for size of creation inside its house marketplace.

The T4 was yielded inside five standard body types: Panel Van, Kombi Van or Half-Panel, /Multivan, Westfalia plus either a single or double cab — with a pick-up fashion platform behind it.

They were 2 standard wheelbases available; "short" plus "long" along with a range of different rooftop heights, including a pop-top rooftop for campers.
Long plus short-nose

There was 1 main facelift with the T4, inside 1996, whenever a re-shaped, longer front end was introduced. This was required to suit the six-cylinder VR6 engine into the T4's engine bay. Initially, just Caravelles plus Multivans were accessible with all the longer nose, because these were truly the only models accessible with all the VR6 engine. The commercial variants continued with be yielded with all the smaller nose till 1999. But, campers plus additional professional cars yielded between 1994 plus 1999 can have either the brief or the lengthy nose, depending about that model was selected because the base car. In keeping with all the Type 2's naming convention, the brief plus long-nose versions are additionally informally well-known as T4a plus T4b, respectively.

The Transporter T4 was exported with North America from 1992 till 2003 below the moniker Eurovan. In the USA, the brief wheelbase Eurovan 5-cylinder passenger models were just available for model year 1993. Smaller than a standard American delivery van, yet bigger than an American or Japanese passenger minivan, Volkswagen played up its size with all the slogan, "EuroVan: There's nothing mini regarding it". VW just imported those to the USA for 1 year considering sales inside the USA were disappointing, nevertheless sales continued inside Canada plus Mexico. VW imported the brief wheelbase Eurovan 5-cylinder fuel engine passenger models with Canada from 1991 with 1996. The 77 hp 2,4L diesel engine was optional inside Canada between 1993 with 1996. The lengthy wheelbase adaptation was moreover provide inside 1992 just because a 10 seaters CL or GL model trim. Combi plus crwecab pick-up adaptation were moreover obtainable in 1992. A panel variation was available from 1993 with 1997. VW reintroduced the Eurovan passenger models inside the USA for model year 1999 with a VR6 engine because standard, plus discontinued it again with worldwide T4s following 2003. The manual transmission wasn't available inside North America with all the VR6 engine.

The Eurovan Camper by Winnebago was introduced inside the USA plus Canada inside 1995 with all the five-cylinder engine, plus was upgraded with the VR6 for the 1997-2003 models. These were just accessible found on the longer 3,320 mm wheelbase T4. These tiny pop top camper vans are specific inside North America plus have developed a cult following.

Winnebago additionally built 3 little Class C motorhomes with all the forward cab of the T4/Eurovan called the Rialta, Vista, plus Sunstar. The Rialta was obtainable in 1995-1996 with all the five-cylinder engine, inside 1997-2001 with all the AES adaptation of the VR6, plus inside 2002-2005 with all the AXK engine. The Vista plus Sunstar were just yielded inside 2002-2004, all utilizing the AXK engine.

In the U.S., the models were:

the seven-seat Eurovan CL,GL, plus GLS
the Eurovan MV, inside that the 2nd row of seats face the back plus are removable, the 3rd row converts into a bed, a folding table inside the passenger location, window curtains, along with a fluorescent lamp above table.
the Eurovan MV Weekender, an MV and a Westfalia conversion which adds a pop-top rooftop, a 2nd overhead bed, bug screens for side windows plus back hatch, utility power, plus standard fridge.
the Eurovan Camper, that is the extended wheelbase commercial van converted by Winnebago Industries with include a pop-top rooftop, 2 two-person beds, seating for 4, a 1 cubic foot fridge which runs about propane, DC, or AC, a propane furnace, a wardrobe, cabinets, sink with cold water along with a gray water tank, a two-burner propane stove, 2 two-person dinette tables, coach power, home light, as well as the 2 front bucket seats prepared with swivel about with face the dinette/kitchen region. The 2000 EVC is 17 feet long

Diesel machines, unlike gasoline machines, never utilize spark plugs with cause combustion. Instead, they depend only about compression with raise the temperature of the air with a point where the diesel can combust spontaneously whenever introduced with the hot significant stress air. The significant stress plus spray pattern of the diesel ensures a controlled, complete burn. The piston rises, compressing the air inside the cylinder; this causes the air's temperature with rise. By the time the piston reaches the best of its travel path, the temperature inside the cylinder is high. The gas mist is then sprayed into the cylinder; it swiftly combusts, forcing the piston downwards, therefore generating energy. The stress necessary with heat the air to this temperature, nonetheless, necessitates the utilization of the big plus truly sturdy engine block.

The issue posed is the fact that inside cold weather, when the engine has not been running, which the big engine block becomes extremely cold; whenever 1 then tries with begin the engine, the cold engine block works because a heat sink, promptly dissipating the heat produced by the pistons compressing air. The engine is then unable with commence, considering it cannot generate plus keep enough heat for the gas with ignite.

For which cause indirect injected diesel machines are produced with glow-plugs inside every prechamber, plus direct injected diesel motors are produced with glow-plugs inside every combustion room.